Performance of large-scale irrigation projects in sub-Saharan Africa

After a 30-year hiatus, large-scale irrigation projects have returned to the development agenda in sub-Saharan Africa (SSA). However, magnitude and drivers of past schemes’ performance remains poorly understood. We quantify performance, measured as proportion proposed irrigated area delivered, 79 schemes from across SSA by comparing planning documents with estimates current scheme size satellite-derived land-cover maps. find overwhelming evidence that investments failed deliver promised benefits, supporting median 16% area, only 20 (25%) delivering >80% 16 (20%) completely inactive. Performance has not improved over six decades we limited relationships commonly stated causes failure such climate. attribute these findings political management frameworks underpinning SSA. First, an emphasis on national food security promotes low-value crops, reducing economic viability. Second, proposals are unrealistically large, driven optimism bias incentives. Finally, centralized bureaucracies lack technical expertise, local knowledge financial resources ensure long-term maintenance. Our highlight need for greater learning investments’ outcomes if improvements agricultural productivity water be realized. Satellite-based measures supplied. A quarter 80% fifth